Tuesday, January 27, 2015

SHEEP WITHOUT A SHEPHERD (16th Sunday in Ordinary Time - Cycle B)

Homily for the 16thSunday in Ordinary Time (Cycle B)
Based on Mk 6:30-34 (Gospel), Jr 23:1-6 (First Reading) and  Eph 2:13-18(Second Reading)
From the Series: “Reflections and Teachings of the Desert”

SHEEP WITHOUT A SHEPHERD
“For they were like sheep without a shepherd” (Mk 6:34)

The Gospel Reading for this 16th Sunday in Ordinary Time is taken from Mk 6:30-34. It is under the title:
First Miracle of the Loaves.” It has parallel texts:

a.       Mt 14:13-21 - First miracle of the loaves - When Jesus received this news he withdrew by boat to a lonely place where they could be by themselves. But the people heard of this and, leaving the towns, went after him on footc (v. 13). So as he stepped ashore he saw a large crowd; and he took pity on them and he healed their sick (v. 14). When evening came, the disciples went to him and said, ‘This is a lonely place, and the time has slipped by; so end the people away, and they can go to the villages to buy themselves some food’ (v. 15). Jesus replied, ‘There is no need for them to go: give them something to eat yourselves’ (v. 16). But they answered, ‘All we have with us is five loaves and two fish’ (v. 17). ‘Bring them here to me’ he said (v. 18). He gave orders that the people were to sit down on the grass; then he took the five loaves and the two fish, raised his eyes to heaven and said the blessing. And breaking the loaves he handed them to his disciples who gave them to the crowd.d (v. 19). They all ate as much as they wanted, and they collected scraps remaining, twelve baskets full (v. 20). Those who ate numbered about five thousand men, to say nothing of women and children (v. 21). Footnote c says: “On shore the crowd hurried to the place the boat was making for”;  Footnoted –says “This miraculous bread, though not the Holy Eucharist, clearly prefigures and leads up to it. This is the view of the Fathers and indeed of the evangelists before them; cf. v. 19 with 26:26, and cf. Jn 6:1-15, 51-58”.
b.      Mk 8:1-10 - And now once again a great crowd had gathered, and they had nothing to eat. So he called his disciples to him and said to them (v.1), ‘I feel sorry for all these people; they have been with me for three days now and have nothing to eat (v. 2). If I send them off home hungry they will collapse on the way; some have come a great distance’ (v. 3). His disciples replied, ‘Where could anyone get bread to feed these people in a deserted place like this?’ (v. 4). He asked them, ‘How many loaves have you? “Seven’ they said (v. 5).Then he instructed the crowd to sit down on the ground and he took the seven loaves, and after givingthanks he broke them and handed them to his disciples to distribute; and they distributed them among the crowd (v. 6). The y had a few small fish as well, and over this he said a blessing and ordered them to be distributed also (v. 7). They ate as much as they wanted, and they collected seven basketfuls of scraps left over (v. 8). Now there had been about four thousand people. He sent them away (v. 9) and immediately, getting into the boat with his disciples, went to the region of Dalmanutha.aFootnote a  says “Either a place-name, unidentified like the ‘Magadan’ of Mt 15:39, or possibly a transliteration of some Aramaic expression.”
c.       Lk 9:10-17 - On their return the apostles gave him an account of all they had done. Then he took them with him and withdrew to a town call Bethsaida where they could be by themselves (v. 10). But the crowds got to know and they went after him. He made them welcome and talked to them about the kingdom of God; and he cured those who were in need of healing (v. 11). It was late afternoon when the Twelve came to him and said, ‘Send the people away, and they can go to the villages and farms round about to find lodging and food; for we are in a lonely place here’ (v. 12).He replied, ‘Give them something to eat yourselves’. But they said, ‘We have no more than five loaves and two fish, unless we are to go out ourselves and buy food for all these people’ (v. 13). For there were about five thousand men, But he said to his disciples, ‘Get them to sit down in parties of about fifty’ (v. 14). They did so and made them all sit down (v. 15). Then he took the five loaves and the two fish, raised his eyes to heaven, and said the blessing over them; then he broke them and handed them to his disciples to distribute among the crowd (v. 16). They all ate as much as they wanted, and when the scraps remaining were collected they filled twelve baskets (v. 17).
d.      Jn 6:1-13 - Sometime after this, Jesus went off to the other side of the Sea of Galilee - or of Tiberias - and a large crowd followed him, impressed by the signs he gave by curing the sick. Jesus climbed the hillside, and sat down there with his disciples. It was shortly before the Jewish feast of Passover.aLooking up, Jesus saw the crowd approaching and said to Philip, “Where can we buy some bread for these people to eat?” He only said this to test Philip; he himself knew exactly what he was going to do. Philip answered, ‘Two hundred denarii would only buy enough to give them a small piece each’. One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, said, ‘There is a small boy here with five barley loaves and two fish; but what is that between so many?’ Jesus said to them, ‘Make the people sit down’. There was plenty of grass there, and as many as five thousand men sat down. Then Jesus took the loaves, gave thanks, and gave them out to all who were sitting ready; he then did the same with the fish, giving out as much as was wanted. When they had eaten enough he said to his disciples, ‘Pick up the pieces left over, so that nothing gets wasted’. So they picked them up, and filled twelve hampers with scraps left over from the meal of barley loaves.Footnote a  says “The bread Jesus gives is to be the new Passover.”

Verse by verse it says:

Verses 30 and 31 say:  The apostles rejoined Jesus and told him all they had done and taught. Then he said to them, ‘You must come away to some lonely place all by yourselves and rest for a while’; for there were so many coming and going that the apostles had no time even to eat.

Parallel texts for verse 31 are:
a.       Mk 2:2 - …and so many people collected that there was no room left, even in front of the door. He was preaching the word to them…
b.      Mk 3:20 - He went home again, and once more such a crowd collected that they could not even have a meal.

Verses 32, 33, and 34 say: So they went off in a boat to a lonely place where they could be by themselves. But people saw them going, and many could guess where; and from every town they all hurried to the place on foot and reached it before them. So as he stepped ashore he saw a large crowd; and he took pity on them because they were like sheep without a shepherd, and he set himself to teach them at some length.

Parallel text for verse 34 is  Mt 9:36 that says: And when he saw the crowds he felt sorry for them because they were harassed and dejected, like sheep without a shepherd.o Footnote o says “Familiar biblical metaphor: Nb 27:17; 1 K 22:17; Jdt 11:19; Ezk 34:5”.



The First Reading is taken fromJr 23:1-6. Verse by verse it says:
Verse 1 says: ‘Doom for the shepherds who allow the flock of my pasture to be destroyed and scattered - it is Yahweh who speaks!

Parallel texts are:
a.       Is 56:11 - Greedy dogs that are never satisfied.Shepjherds who know nothing.e They will go their own way, each after his own interest.fFootnotee says “These two lines are probably a gloss”; Footnote f says  “‘his own interest’ Greek. Heb adds ‘to the last one.’”
b.      Ezk 34:1 - The shepherds of IsraelaThe word of Yahweh was then addressed to me as follows, ‘Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel; prophesy and say to them, “Shepherds,b the Lord Yahweh says this. Trouble for the shepherd of Israel who feed themselves! Shepherds ought to feed their flock…”Footnotea says “The image of the king-shepherd is deeply rooted in Eastern literary tradition. Jeremiah used it of the kings of Israel to rebuke their slackness in office, Jr 2:8; 10:21; 23:1-3, and to proclaim that God will give his people new shepherds who would pasture them with integrity, Jr 3:15; 23:4, and from these shepherds would come a branch, Jr 23:5-6, i.e., the Messiah. Ezekiel takes up the theme from Jeremiah 23:1-6, later to be resumed in Zc 11:4-17. For their wickedness he rebukes the shepherds, the kings and lay leaders of the people, vv. 1-10. Yahweh will take from them the flock they have ill-treated and himself become the shepherd of his people, (cf. Gn 48:15; 49:24; Is 40:11; Ps 80:1; 95:7 and Ps 23); this is effect the proclamation of theocracy, vv. 11-16; and in point of fact the monarchy was not restored after the return from exile. But the time was to come when Yahweh would give his people a shepherd of his own choice, vv. 23-24, a ‘prince’ (cf. 45:7-8; 46:8-10; 16-18), another David. The term in which the prince’s  reign is described, vv. 25-31, and the name ‘David’ by which he is called (see 2 S 7:1+; Is 11:1+; Jr. 23:5 ), suggest a messianic age in which God himself, by means of his Messiah, rules his people in justice and peace. In this text of Ezekiel, we discern the outline of the parable of the Lost Sheep, Mt 18:12-14; Lk 15:4-7, but more especially of the allegory of the Good Shepherd, Jn 10:11-18, which by virtue of its original context here is seen to be a claim to messiahship on the part of Jesus. The Good Shepherd is later to become one of the earliest themes of Christian iconography.”Footnote bsays  “Shepherds’ Syr; ‘To the shepherds” Hebr.”
c.       Jn 10:1,12 - I tell you most solemnly, anyone who does not enter the sheepfold through the gate, but gets in some other way is a thief and a brigand (v. 1). The hired man, since he is not the shepherd and the sheep do not belong to him, abandons the sheep and runs away as soon as he sees a wolf coming, and then the wolf attacks and scatters the sheep (v. 12)

Verses 2 and 3 say: This, therefore, is what Yahweh the God of Israel. says about the shepherds in charge of my people: You have let my flock be scattered and go wandering and have not taken care of them. Right, I will take care of you for your misdeeds - it is Yahweh who speaks! But the remnant of my flock I myself will gather from all the countries where I have dispersed them, and will bring them back to their pastures: they shall be fruitful and increase in numbers.

Parallel texts are:
a.       Is 4:3 - Those who are left of Zion and remain in Jerusalem shall be called holy and those left in Jerusalem, noted down for survival.dFootnote d says  “Faithless Israel will be punished, but because God loves his people a small ‘remnant’ will ecape the invader’s sword. This idea, already familiar to Amos, 3:12; 5:15; 9:8-10, is taken up by Isaiah, 4:2-3; 6:13; 7:3 and 10:19-21; 28:5-6; 37:4; (=2 K 19:4); 37:31-32; cfMi 4:7; 5:2; Zp 2:7,9; 3:12; Jr 3:14; 5:18; Ezk 5:3;. This purified and henceforth faithful remnant left in Jerusalem will once again become a powerful nation. After the disaster of 587 a new conception appears: the remnant will be found among the exiles, Ezk 6:8-10; cf Dt. 30:1-2; and God will then gather them together with a view to the messianic restoration, Jr 23:3; 31:7; 50:20; Ezk 20:37; Is 11:11,16; Mi 2:12-13. Back from exile this remnant, again unfaithful, will be further reduced in number and purified, Zc 1:3; 8:11; Hg 1:12; Ob 17=Jl 3:5; Zc 13:8-9; 14:2. In the event, Christ proves to be the true ‘Branch’ of the new and sanctified Israel, Is 11:1,10; cf 4:2; Jr 23:3-6; Unlike Israel. the pagan nations will have no ‘remnant’, Is 14:22,30; 15:9; 16:14; Am 1:8; Ezk 21:37; Ob 18.”
b.      Jn 10:16 - And there are other sheep I have that are not of this fold, and these I have to lead as well.h They too will listen to my voice, and there will only be one flock,iand one shepherd.Footnote  hsaysNot to take them into the Jewish fold but to gather them into the flock that Jesus ‘leads’ to eternal life”; Footnote I says “Var. ‘one fold’.”

Verses 4 and 5 say: I will raise up shepherds to look after them and pasture them; no fear, no terror for them anymore; not one shall be lost- it is Yahweh who speaks. ‘See, the days are coming- it is Yahweh who speaks- when I will raise a virtuous Brancha for David, who will reign as true king and be wise, practicing honesty and integrity in the land.Footnote asays  “‘Branch’ was to become a messianic title, Zc 3:8; 6:12”.
Parallel texts are:
a.       Jr 33:15-16 - In those days and at that time, I will make q virtuous branch grow for David, who will practice honesty and integrity in the land (v. 15). In those days Judah shall be saved and Israel shall dwell in confidence. And this is the namek he will be called: Yahweh-our-integrity.l (v. 16).Footnote a - ‘Branch’ was to become a messianic title, Zc 3:8; 6:12.
b.      Ps 72:1 - God, give your justice to the king, your own righteousness to the royal son.
c.       Pr 8:16 - …by me rulers govern, and the great impose justicef to the world.Footnote fsays  ‘impose justice on’ Greek. Read v. 17 before v. 15.
d.      Is 4:2 - That day the Branch of Yahweh shall be beauty and glory, and the fruit of the earthc shall be the pride and adornment of Israel’s survivors.Footnotec says “The ‘branch’ and the ‘fruit of the earth’ mean either the Messiah or else the remnant of Israel  (see following note) compared to the tree springing again in Palestinian soil.”
e.      Is 11:1 - A shoot  springs from the stock of Jesse, a scion thrusts from his roots:

Verse 6 says: In his days Judah will be saved and Israel dwell in confidence. And this is the name he will be called: Yahweh-our-integrity.bFootnoteb says “This symbolic name, cf. Is 1:26+, by which the Messiah is to be called, is contrasted with the name of Zechariah which means ‘Yahweh my integrity’.”

Parallel text is Jr 3:18 that says: In those days the House of Judah will unite with the House of Israel;q together they will come from the land of the North to the land I gave your ancestors for heritage. Footnote  q says “For messianic days the prophets foretells a kingdom united as in the time of David and Solomon, Jr 23:5-6; 31:1; Ezk 37:15-27; Ho 2:2; Is 11:13-14; Mi 2:12; Zc 9:10.”

The Second Reading is fromEph 2:13-18.

Verse 13 says: But now in Christ Jesus, you that used to be so far apart from us have been brought very close, by the blood of Christ.kFootnote ksays “The crucifixion of Christ that brought together Jews and pagans vv 14-15, and reconciled both with the Father vv. 16-18.”

Parallel texts are:
a.       Ep 2:17 - Later, he camep to bring the good news of peace, peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near at hand.
Footnote
b.      Ps 148:14 - …raising the fortunes of his people, to the praises of the devout, of Israel, the people dear to him.

Verse 14 says: For he is the peace between us, and has made the two into one and broken down the barrier which used to keep them apart,l actually destroying in his own person the hostility.Footnote lsays “The wall separating the court of the Jews from the court of the pagans in the Temple, cf. Ac. 21:28f.”
Parallel texts are:
a.       Is 9:5 - For there is a child born for us, a son given to us and dominion is laid on his shoulders; and this is the name they gave him: Wonder-Counselor, Mighty-God, Eternal-Father, Prince of Peace.cFootnote csays “A prophetic proper name, cf. 1:26+. The child possesses to a supreme degree all the qualities of all the great figures of his race: the wisdom of Solomon, the valor of David, the virtues of Moses and the patriarchs, Cf. 11:2. Christian tradition and the Christian liturgy apply these titles to Christ, presenting him as the true Immanuel.
b.      Ga 3:28 - …and there are no more distinctions between Jews and Greek, slave and free, male and female, but all of you are one in Christ JesuspFootnote p says “Var. ‘you are all of Christ Jesus’.”

Verse 15 says: Caused by the rules and decrees of the Law. mThis was to create one single New Man n in himself out of the two of them and by restoring peace…Footnote m says “The Mosaic Law gave the Jews a privileged status and separated them from pagans. Jesus abolished this Law by fulfilling it once for all on the cross, Col. 2:14+”; Footnote n says “This new man is the prototype of the new humanity that God recreated (2Co. 5:17+) in the person of Christ, the second Adam (1 Co. 15:45) after killing the sinfully corrupt race of the first Adam in the crucifixion (Rm. 5:12f, 8:3, 1 Co. 15:21). This New Adam has been created in the goodness and holiness of the truth, 4:24, and he is unique because in him the boundaries between any one group and the rest of the human race all disappear, Col. 3:10f, Ga. 3:27f).”
Parallel texts are:
a.       Col 2:14 - He has overridden the Law, and cancelled every record of the debt that we had to pay; he has done away with it by nailing it to the cross…l Footnote lsays “The Law was able to do nothing about a sinner except condemn him to death, Rm 7:7+; this death sentence is what God carried out on his own Son in order to suppress it for the rest of the world, and it was for this reason that God’s Son was ‘made sin’, 2 Co 5:21, ‘subject to the Law’, Ga. 4:4, and ‘cursed’ by the Law, Ga 3:13. In the person of the Son, whom he allowed to be executed, God nailed up and destroyed our death warrant, as well as the charges it made against us.
b.      Col 3:14-15 - Over all these clothes, to keep them together and complete them, put on love (v. 14). And may the peace of Christ reign in your hearts, because it is for this that you were called together as parts of one body. Always be thankful (v. 15).


Verses 16 and 17 say: Through the cross, to unite them both in single Bodyo and reconcile them with God. I his own person he killed the hostility. Later, he camep to bring the good news of peace, peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near at hand. Footnote osays “This ‘single Body’ is both the physical body of Jesus that was executed by crucifixion, Col 1:22+, and the Church or ‘mystical’ body of Christ in which, once they were reconciled, all the parts function in their own place, 1 Co 12:12+”; and Footnote p says “Through the apostles who in his name preached the Good News of salvation and peace.”
Parallel texts are:
a.       Is 57:19  -‘…bringing praise to their lips. Peace, peace to far and near, I will indeed heal him’ says Yahweh.
b.      Zc 9:10 - Hel will banish chariots from Ephraim and horses from Jerusalem; the bow of war will be banished. Footnote l says “‘He will’ Greek; ‘I shall’ Hebr. The northern tribes will be reunited with Judah in the messianic kingdom, cf. Jr 3:18+”.
c.       Ep 4:4 - There is one Body,  one spirit, just as you were called into one and the same hope when you were called.

Verse 18 says: Through him, both of us have  in the one Spiritq our way to come to the Father. Footnote q –says “The one spirit that gives life to the single body (of Christ who is one with his Church) is the Holy Spirit who has changed the form of the body now it has risen, and by doing so has come down on each of the parts of which it is made up. The Trinitarian structure  of this section is repeated in v. 22.”
Parallel texts are:
a.       Ep 3:12 - That is why we are bold enough to approach God in complete confidence, through our faith in him
b.      2 Co 13:13 - The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.eFootnote e says “The Trinitarian formula probably derived from liturgical usage, cf also Mt. 28:19, is echoed in many passages of the epistles where the several functions of the three Persons are referred to as the various contexts suggests: Rm 1:4+; 15:16,30+; 1 Co 2:10-16; 6:11,14, 15, 19; 12:4-6; Tt 3:5f; Heb 9:14; 1 P 1:2; 3:18; 1 Jn 4:2; Rv 1:4f; 22:1; cf Ac 10:38; 20:28; Jn 14:16,18,23. Note in 1 Co 6:11; Ep 4:4-6 the triple formulation emphasizing the Trinitarian thought. Cf also the trio of the theological virtues in 1 Co 133+”.

There are five instances that the phrase “Sheep without a Shepherd” is found in the Bible:
a.       Numbers 27:17-18 - May the Lord the God of the spirits of all flesh provide a man that may be over this multitude: And may go out and in before them, and may lead them out, or bring them in: lest the people of the Lord be as sheep without a shepherd.

(In answer to Moses’ petition, the Lord appointed Joshua the son of Nun to guide the people into the land of the promise. The Hebrew of the name “Joshua” is identical to the name “Jesus” – Jeshua’ (meaning, “the LORD saves”).

b.      1 Kings 22:17 - I saw all Israel scattered upon the hills, like sheep that have no shepherd: and the Lord said: These have no master: let every man of them return to his house in peace.
c.       Judith 11:15 - and thou shalt have all the people of Israel, as sheep that have no shepherd, and there shall not so much as one dog bark against thee.
d.      Mk 6:34 - So as he stepped ashore he saw a large crowd; and he took pity on them because  they were like sheep without a shepherd, and he set himself to teach them at some length.
e.      Matthew 9:35-38 - Then Jesus went to all the towns and villages, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the good news of the kingdom, and healing every disease and every sickness. When He saw the crowds, He felt compassion for them, because they were weary and worn out, like sheep without a shepherd. Then He said to His disciples, "The harvest is abundant, but the workers are few. Therefore, pray to the Lord of the harvest to send out workers into His harvest"

In all the five instances Jesus Christ is being referred to as the fulfillment of this phrase.
There are also many articles about “Sheep without a Shepherd” that can be accessed in the Internet. The following are some instances:
James C. Guy: “Jesus had come to be the shepherd for the sheep.So many people are wondering aimlessly through life as "sheep without a shepherd." If we are truly following the Great Shepherd, Jesus Christ, we must also be following His example, authority, and compassion and we gather the harvest by leading others to our Shepherd. We cannot lead others as the Great Shepherd can. But, we can lead them to the Great Shepherd. If we are not willing to do that – we ourselves are "sheep without a shepherd." Will you follow Him and lead others to Him as well? Be His follower. Be His sheep.” biblesays.faithsite.com
Dr. MarcellinoD’Ambrosio: “Sheep are vulnerable, slow-footed, and dull-witted creatures. This makes them easy pickins for a variety of predators. They need protection, firm guidance, and, of course, food and drink. That’s where a shepherd comes in. He gathers them together, so that strays aren’t picked off by wolves or poachers. If an enemy should be so brazen as to attack the entire flock, he fights it off. He knows where water and food are abundant, and he carefully leads the flock through arid, barren country to get there. And that’s why shepherd is the Bible’s image of both king and priest. Biblical leadership is not about privilege and perks, but sacrificial service. The sheep don’t care for the shepherd. Rather, the shepherd cares for the sheep.www.crossroadsinitiative.com
Ron Graham, in “Sheep Without Shepherds”:  “Jesus was concerned that people lacked leadership. "Seeing the multitudes, he felt compassion for them, because they were distressed and downcast like sheep without a shepherd" (Mtt 9:36). When Jesus looks at our world today, no doubt he feels the same compassion for the same reason.

This lesson is about the responsibility of shepherding, especially in our homes.
1. The Shepherd of Bible Times

The Bible often likens the leadership of people to the shepherd leading his sheep. In our vernacular, when we say that people are like sheep, we mean that they follow others blindly. However in the Bible, the shepherd is pictured as dedicated to his flock, and his sheep hear his voice, and they follow him, and will not follow a stranger (Jhn 10:1-5).

We are all familiar with the twenty-third Psalm which begins, "The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want; he makes me lie down in green pastures; he leads me beside still waters; he restores my soul; he guides me in the paths of righteousness" (Psa 23:1-3).

So in speaking of people as sheep, and their leaders as shepherds, the Bible is not being derogatory, but is evoking the respect that rural communities of Bible times had for the shepherds who tended their flocks in a responsible manner. Good shepherds loved their sheep, called them by name, protected them from wolves, led them to pasture, rescued those who strayed. Of course such a lovely relationship with animals is not confined to Bible times. Many people today love and nurture their animals as though they were their own children. So the image of the shepherd and the sheep is a very good metaphor of leadership responsibility.

2 We As Sheep

In this lesson we are going to focus on the role of the shepherd, but the shepherd does not alone have a responsiblity. We, as the sheep, have a responsibility to accept and follow right leadership. This is especially true of our relationship to the greatest Shepherd of all...

Isaiah 53:6 "Like sheep, we have all gone astray. We have turned each to our own way, and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all"
John 10:3-4 "The shepherd calls his own sheep by name, and leads them out... the sheep follow him for they know his voice"
1Peter 2:25 "You were like sheep going astray, but have now returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls"
The principle in these passages can be applied to lesser relationships where people are to subject themselves willingly to good leadership. There are many such relationships in our society and community. The shepherds in those relationships have responsibility, but so do the sheep.”  (From www.simplybible.com.au)

Rev. Stephen H. Wilkins, “Sheep Without a Shepherd”:   “Like sheep without a shepherd. Between what the Lord says in Jeremiah, and the way that Jesus reacts with compassion to people who are like sheep without a shepherd, it is clear that it is not right for sheep to be without a shepherd. It is clear that God is concerned that his people should always have a shepherd to guide them, to protect them, to accompany them, to lead them to green pastures and beside still waters. And it is clear, also, that if God is concerned that his people not be left without a shepherd, then that should be our concern in the church, as well.“  (From www.gtpres.org).


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