Sunday, November 9, 2014

WAY TO SURVIVAL AND DEFEAT - 4th Sunday in Ordinary Time (Cycle A)

Homily for the 4th Sunday in Ordinary Time (Cycle A)
Based on Mt 5:1-12 (Gospel), Zep 2:3; 3:12-13 (First Reading) and 1 Co 1:26-31 (Second Reading)
From the Series: “Reflections and Teachings of the Desert”


WAY TO SURVIVAL AND DEFEAT
“Happy those who hunger and thirst for what is right: they shall be satisfied” (Mt 5:6).


The Gospel reading for this 4th Sunday in Ordinary Time (Cycle A) is from Mt 5:1-12 under the title “The Beatitudes”.  Parallel text for the title is Lk 6:20-23 that says: The inaugural discourse.c  The Beatitudesd Then fxing his eyes on his disciples he said: ‘How happy are you who are poor: yours is the kingdom of God (v. 20). Happy you who are hungry now: you shall be satisfied. Happy you who weep now: you shall laugh (v. 21). ‘Happy are you when people hate you, drive you out, abuse you, denounce your name as criminal, on account of the Son of Man (v. 22). Rejoice when that day comes and dance for joy, for then your reward will be great in heaven. This was the way their ancestors treated the prophets (23).   Footnote c  says “Luke’s form is shorter than Matthew’s because he has not filled out the discourse as Mt has done and has even left out materials of a Jewish character which he thought would not interest his readers, cf. Mt 5:1.”; and Footnote d  says “Mt has eight beatitudes, Lk four, and four maledictions, Mathew’s beatitudes are a formula for the good life, and they promise heavenly rewards; Lk speaks of material conditions in this life to be reversed in the next, cf. 16:25. IN Mt, Jesus uses the third person, in Lk he directly addresses his audience.”


Verses 1, 2 and 3 say:   Seeing the crowd, he went up the hill.b  There he sat down and was joined by his disciples. Then he began to speak. This is what he taught them:   ‘How happy are the poor in spirit; c theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Footnote b  says “One of the hills near Capernaum.”; and Footnote c  says “Jesus uses the word ‘poor’ with the moral shade of meaning already noticeable in Zp (2:3+) but here made explicit by the phrase ‘in spirit’, absent from Lk 6:20. Because they are destitute and oppressed the ‘poor’, or the ‘lowly’, are apt subjects for the kingdom of God - this is the theme of the Beatitudes (cf. Lk 4:18; 7:22; Mt 11:5; Lk 14:13; Jm 2:5). ‘Poverty’ goes hand in hand with ‘spiritual childhood’ required for entrance into the kingdom, Mt 18:1f=Mk 9:33f, cf. Lk 9:46f; Mt 19:13p; 11:25p-the mystery revealed to ‘little ones’, nepioi, cf. Lk 12,32; 1 Co 1:26f. They are the ‘poor’, ptochoi the ‘lowly’, tapenoi (Lk 1:48, 52; 14:11; 18:14; Mt 23:12, 18:4) and both are the ‘last’ as opposed to the ‘great’ (Lk 9:48; cf. Mt 19:30p; 20;26p- cf. Lk 17:10). Although the formula of Mt. 5:3 stresses the spirit of poverty for the rich as for the poor, Jesus usually has in mind actual poverty, especially for his disciples (Mt 6:1f, cf. Lk 12:33f; Mt 6:25p; 4:18p. cfLk 5:1f) 9;9p; 19:21p; 19:27; cf. Mk 10:28p; cf. Ac 2:44f; 4:32f. He himself sets the example of poverty (Lk 2:7; Mt 8:20p) and of lowliness (Mt 11:29; 20:28p; 21:5; Jn 13:12f; cf. 2 Co 8:9; Ph 2:7f). He identifies himself with the little ones and the wretched (Mt. 25:45; cf. 18:5p).”

Parallel texts for verse 3 are:
1.       Mt 19:21,29 - Jesus said, ‘If you wish to be perfect, go and sell what you own and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure I heaven; then come, and follow me’ (v. 21). Everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, childreni or land for the sake of my name will be repaid a hundred times over, and also inherit eternal life (v. 29). Footnote  i  says “Add, ‘wife’.”
2.       2 Co 8:9 - Remember how generous the Lord Jesus was:b he was rich, but he became poor for your sake, to make you rich out of his poverty. Footnote b  says “Lit. ‘the generosity (or perhaps ‘grace’) of the Lord Jesus’.”

Verse 4 says: Happy the gentle;d they shall have the earth for their heritage. Footnote d  says “Or ‘the lowly’; the word is taken from the Greek version of the Psalm. V. 4 is possibly only a gloss on v. 3; its omission would reduce the number of Beatitudes to 7, cf. 6:9.”

Parallel texts are:
1.       Ps 37:1 - Do not worry about the wicked, do not envy those who do wrong. Quick as the grass they whither, facing like the green in the field.
2.       Gn 13:15 - All the land within sight I will give to you and your descendants forever.
3.       Pr 2:21 - For the land will be for honest men to live in the innocent will have it for their home…


Verse 5 says: Happy those who mourn: they shall be comforted.

Footnote
1.       Ps 126:5 - Those who went sowing in tears now sing as they reap.
2.       Is 61:2-3 - To proclaim a year of favor from Yahweh, a day of vengeance for our God, to comfort all those who mourn (v.2) and to give them for ashes a garland; for mourning robe the oil of gladness, for despondency, praise. They are to be called ‘terebinth of integrity’, planted by Yahweh to glorify him.

Verse 6 says: Happy those who hunger and thirst for what is right: they shall be satisfied.

Footnote
Parallel texts are:
1.       Pr 21:21 - He who pursues virtue and kindness shall find life and honor too.f Footnote f  says “‘life and honor’ Greek;  ‘life, justice and honor’ Hebr.”
2.       Is 51:1 - Listen to me, you who pursue integrity, who seek Yahweh. Consider the rock you were hewn from, the quarry from which you were cut.
3.       Am 8:11 - See what days are coming – it is the Lord Yahweh who speaks – days when I will bring famine on the country, a famine not of bread, a drought not of water, but of hearing the wordl of Yahweh. Footnote l  says “‘the word’ Greek; ‘the words’ Hebr.”
4.       Pr 9:5 - Come and eat my bread, drink the wine I have prepared!
5.       Si 24:21 - They who eat me will hunger for more, they who drink me will thirst for more.

Verse 7 and 8 says: Happy the merciful: they shall have mercy shown them.  Happy the pure in heart; they shall see God.

Parallel texts are:
1.       Ps 24:3-4 - Who has the right to climb the mountain of Yahweh, who has the right to stand in his holy place (v. 3)? He whose hands are clean, whose heart is pure, whose soul does not pay homage to worthless things and who never swears a lie (v. 4).
2.       Pr 22:11 - Yahwehc loves the pure in heart, friend to the king is the man of gracious speech. Footnote c  says “‘Yahweh’ following versions.”

3.       Ex 33:20  - ‘You cannot see my face’ he said ‘for man cannot see me and live.’I Footnote i  says “God’s sanctity is so removed from man’s unworthiness, see Lv 17:1+, that man must perish if he looks on God, cf. Ex 19:21; Lv 16:2; Nb 4:20, or even hears his voice, Ex. 20:19; Dt. 5:24-26 and 18:16. For this reason Moses, Ex. 3:6, Elijah, 1 K 19:13, and even the seraphim, Is 6:2, cover their faces in his presence. The man who remain alive after seeing God is overwhelmed with astonishment and gratitude, Gn 32:31; Dt 5:24, and with awe, Jg 6:22-23; 13:22, Is. 6:5. It is a favor God rarely concedes, Ex 24:11; he grants ‘it to Moses his ‘friend’, Ex 33:11; Nb 12:7-8; Dt 34:10, and to Elijah, 1 K 19:11f, the two who looked on the New Testament theophany, the transfiguration of Christ, Mt. 17:3p. Hence, in Christian tradition Moses and Elijah (together with Apostle Paul, 2 Co 12:1f) are the three pre-eminent mystics. In the New Testament the ‘glory’ of God, cf. 33:18 and 24:16+, is manifested in Jesus, Jn 1:14+; 11:40, who alone has gazed on the Father, Jn 1:18, 6:46; 1 Jn 4:12. Man cannot look on God’s face except in heaven, Mt 5:8; 1 Jn 3:2, 1 Co 13:12.”

Verse 9 says: Happy the peacemakers: they shall be called sons of God.

Parallel texts are:
1.       Ps 34:14…never yield to evil, practice good, seek peace, pursue it.
2.       Pr 12:20 - Bitternesse is in the heart of the schemer, joy with those who give counsels to peace. Footnote e  says “‘Bitterness’ conj.; ‘deceit’ Hebr.”
3.       Pr 15:18 - The hot-headed man provokes disputes, the equable man allays dissensions.
4.       Zc 8:16 - These are the things that you must do. Speak the truth to one another: let the judgment at your gates be such as conduce to peace.

Verse 10 says: Happy are those who are persecuted in the cause of right, theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

Footnote
Parallel texts are:
1.       1 P 3:14…if you do have to suffer for being good, you will count it a blessing. There is no need to be afraid or to worry about  them.d Footnote d  says “Om. ‘or to worry about them.’”
2.       Ws 2:16 - He hold aloof from our doings as though from filth; he proclaims the final end of the virtuous as happyj Footnote j  says “Possibly alluding to the story of Job. 42:12-15, cf. Jm 5:11. On the early reward of the virtuous, see Introduction to Wisdom Books.”
3.       Ac 5:4 - While you still owned the land, wasn’t it yours to keep, and after you had sold it wasn’t the money yours to do with as you liked? What put this scheme into your mind? It is not to men that you have lied, but to God.’

Verse 11 says: Rejoice and be glad, for your reward will be great in heaven; this is how they persecuted the prophets before you.e Footnote e  says “Christ’s disciples are the successors of the prophets, cf. 10:41; 13:17; 23:34.”

Parallel texts are:
1.       Mt 23:34 - This is why, in my turn, I am sending you prophets and wise men and scribes:m some you will slaughter and crucify, some you will scourge in your synagogues and hunt from town to town… Footnote m  says “Terms of Jewish origin but here applied to Christian missionaries, cf. 10:41; 13:52.”

2.       Ph 1:29… that he has given you the privilege not only of believing in Christ, but of suffering for him as well.
3.       Col 1:24 - It makes me happy to suffer for you, as I am suffering now, and in my own body to do what I can to make up all that has still to be undergone by Christ for the sake of his body, the Church. m Footnote m  says “Lit. ‘all that is lacking from the sufferings of Christ…Church’. Jesus suffered in order to establish the reign of God, and anyone who continues his work must share this suffering. Paul is not saying that he thinks his own sufferings increase the value of his redemption (since that value cannot be increased) but that he shares by his sufferings as a missionary in those that Jesus had undergone in his own mission, cf. 2 Co. 1:15, Ph. 1:20+. These are the sufferings predicted for the messianic era, Mt. 24:8, Ac. 14:22, 1 Tm. 4:1+, and are all part of the way in which God had always intended the Church to develop. Paul feels that, being the messenger Christ has chosen to send to the pagans, he has been especially called on to experience those sufferings.”
4.       Heb 10:34 - For you not only shared in the sufferings of those who were in prison,e but you happily accepted being stripped of your belongings, knowing that you owned something that was better and lasting.

Footnote

5.       Jm 1:2 - My brothers, you will always have your trials but when they come, try to treat them as a happy privilege.



The First Reading is from Zep 2:3; 3:12-13.

Chapter 2, verse 3 says: Seek the LORD, all you, the humble of the earth,e who obey his commands. Seek integrity, seek humility; you may perhaps find shelter on the day of the anger of Yahweh. Footnote e  says “The ‘humble’ or ‘poor’, anawim in Hebr. These play a large part in the Bible. Though wisdom literature looks on poverty, resh, as the result of idleness, Pr 10:4, the prophets are aware that the poor usually the oppressed, aniyyim;  they demand justice for the weak and lowly, dallim, and for those in need, ebionim, Am 2:6f; Is 10:2; cf. Jb 34:28f; Si 4:1f; Jm 2:2f. The humane legislation of Dt. Shows the same attitude of mind, Dt 24:10f. With Zephaniah’s poverty assumes a moral and eschatological significance, 3:11f, cf Is 49:13; 66:5; Ps 22:26; 34:2f; 37:11f; 69:33; 74:19; 149:4; and see Mt 5:3+; Lk 1:52; 6:20; 7:22. In short, the anawim are those Israelites who submit to the will of God. In LXX period , the word anaw (or ani) has the added meaning of thoughtfulness for others, Zc 9:9, cf.  Si 1:27. It is  to the ‘poor’ that the Messiah will be sent, Is 61:1, cf Lk 4:18. He himself will be humble and gentle, Zc 9:9, cf Mt 21:5, and the victim of oppression, Is 53:4; Ps 22:24.”

Parallel texts are:
1.       Am 5:4-6 - For Yahweh says this to the House of Israel. Seek me and you shall lived (v. 4). Do not seek Bethel, do no go to Gilgal, do not journey to Bersheba,e since Gigal is going to be exiledf and Bethel brought to nothing  (v. 5). Seek Yahweh and you shall live, or else he will rush like fire on the House of Joseph and burn it up, with none at Bethelg able to put out the flames.h  Footnote d  says “The santuaries will be destroyed, v. 5, and sacrifice to them is not sufficient means of salvation; a man must ‘seek Yahweh’, i.e. to seek to know his will and do it, ‘seek good and not evil’, 5:14. Hence men ‘seek’ Yahweh (verb: darash) by visiting his sanctuaries, Am 5:5; 2 Ch 1:5; Dt 12:5, but also by ‘questioning’ him (cf. 1 S 14:41+) through the medium of a man of God, Gn 25:22; Ex 18:15; 1 S 9:9; 1 K 22:8, or again by ‘seeking the word’, 1 K 22:5; cf. 14:5, either in a book, Is 34:16, or through the medium of a man of God, Gn 25:22; Ex 18:15; 1 s 9:9; 1 K 22:8, or again by ‘seeking the word’, 1 K 22:5; cf. 14:5, either in a book, Is 34:16, or through the mediation of a propet, 1 K 22:7. A similar expression (the verb being normaly biqqesh) means rather to seek the face, i.e, the presence of Yahweh, Ho 3:5; 2 S 21:1; 1 Ch 16:11 (=Ps 105:4); Ps 24:6; 27:8 and (probably in the same sense) Zp 1:6; Ho 3:5; 5:6; Ex 33:7+, etc. But the two expressions are related: a man seeks ‘the face’ of Yahweh in order to learn his will, whose presence is often manifisted by way of oracles. In the O.T. this ‘seeking Yahweh’ is an imperative necessity of man’s religious life; in the N.T. the equivalent is to ‘seek the kingdom’, Mt 6:33.“; Footnote e  says “A famous shrine in patriarchal times, Gn 21:31-33; 26:23-25.”; Footnote f  says “Gilgal galoh yigleh, pun on Gilgal; so too on Bethel (=house of God, now ‘house of nothing’).”; Footnote g  says “‘at Bethel’ Hebr.; ‘in the house of Israel’ Greek.”;  and Footnote h  says “We put v. 7 after v. 9.”
2.       Est 1:1k  - Light came as the sun rose, and the humble were raised up and devoured the mighty.
3.       Ps 72:3-4 - Let the mountain and hills bring a message of peace for the people. Uprightly he will defend the poorest, he will save the children of  those in need, and crush their oppressors.
4.       Si 3:20 - For though the power of the Lord is, he accepts the homage of the humble.h Footnote h  says “The verse calls attention to God’s condescension in welcoming the homage of the lowly. Hebr. ‘for great is the mercy of God; he makes his secrets known to the humble’, cf Pr. 3:32; Ps 25:14.”
5.       Si 11:12 - Another man is poor creature begging for assistance, badly off for support, but rich in poverty, and the Lord turns a favorite eye on him, sets him on his feet out of his abject condition, and enables him to hold his head high, to the utter amazement of many.
6.       Dn 3:87 - Devout and humble-hearted men! Bless the Lord: give glory and eternal praise to him. Ananiah, Azariah, Mishael! Bless the Lord: give glory and eternal praise to him.
7.       Jm 2:5 - Listen, my dear brothers: it was those who are poor according to the world that God chose, to be rich in faithc and to be the heirs to the kingdom which he promised to those who loved him. Footnote c  says “I.e. poor in money, rich in faith, cf 1:9+; this letter is not concerned to advocate social reform since it emphasizes that the poor already have the truest wealth.”
8.       Is 57:15 - For thus speaks the Most High, whose home is in eternity, whose name is holy: ‘I live in a high and holy place, but I am also with the contrite and humble spirit, to give the humbled spirit new life, to revive contrite hearts.

Chapter 3, verse 12 says: In your midst, I will leave a humble and lowly people,  

Parallel text is Rv 14:1 that says: The companions of the Lamba Next in my vision I saw Mount Zion, and standing on it a Lambb who had with him a hundred and forty-four thousand people, all with his name and his Father’s name written on their foreheads. Footnote a  says “The followers of the beast who are branded with his name and number, 13:16-17, are now contrasted with the followers of the Lamb marked with his name and the name og his Father. This is the ‘remnant’ of the new Israel, Is 4:3+, the faithful Christians who have survived persecution and who are to begin the restoration of God’s kingdom when its enemies have been destroyed.”; and Footnote b  says “Var ‘the Lamb’.”

Verse 13 says: and those who are left in Israel will seek refuge in the name of Yahweh. They will do no wrong, will tell no lies; and the perjured tongue will no longer be found in their mouths. But they will be able to graze and rest with no one to disturb them.

Parallel texts are:
1.       Is 53:9 - They gave him a grave with the wicked, a tomb with the richg, though he had done no wrong, and there had been no perjury in his mouth. Footnote g  says “With DSIa, Hebr. ‘in his death he is with the rich man’. Early Christian preaching seems to have had this text in mind when recording the burial of Jesus in the tomb of Joseph Arimathea, ‘a rich man’, Mt 27:57-60. It is possible to correct to ‘in his death he is with the evil-doers’, Lk. 22:37 which, however, refers rather to v. 12.”
2.       Rv 14:5 - The never allowed a lieg to pass their lips and no fault can be found in them. Footnote g  says “i.e. they have not invoked false gods, the beast.”


The Second Reading is from 1 Co 1:26-31.

Verse 26 says: Take yourselves for instance, brothers. At the time when you were called: how many of you were wise in the ordinary sense of the worldj, how many were influential people, or came from noble families? Footnote j  says “Lit. ‘according to the flesh’. Paul is explaining God’s purpose, but at the same time he sardonically reminds the Corinthians that they have no reason to be proud.”

Parallel texts are:
1.       Dt 7:7 - If Yahweh set his heart on you and chose you, it was not because you outnumbered other peoples: you were the least of all peoples.
2.       Si 10:19f  - What race deserves honor? Those who fear the Lord. What race deserves contempt? Those who break the commandments.
3.       Rm 7:5 - Before our conversionsd our sinful passions, quite unsubdued by the Law, fertilized our bodied to make them give birth to death.  Footnote d  says “Lit. ‘While we were in the flesh’, 1. The primary meaning of the ‘flesh’ is the matter which the body is made, 1 Co. 15:39; cf. Lk. 24:39; Rv. 17:16, 19:18; it is the opposite of spirit, Rm. 1:9+; it is the body with its senses, Col. 2:1,5, and  especially the medium of sexual union, 1 Co. 6:16; 7:28, Ep. 5:29,31; cf. Mt. 19:5p; Jn. 1:13, Jude 7, by which people become parents and heirs, Rm. 4:1, 9:3-5, 11:14, cf. Heb. 12:9. Thus ‘flesh’, like basar in biblical usage, emphasizes the weak and perishable side of human beings, Rm. 6:19, 2 Co. 7:5, 12:7, Ga. 4:13f; cf. Mt. 24:22p. Lk. 3:6, Jn. 17:2, Ac. 2:17, 1 P. 1:24. This explains the words Paul uses when comparing nature with grace ‘according to the flesh’, 1 Co. 1:26, 2 Co. 1:17, Ep. 6:5, Col. 3:22, cf. Phm. 16, Jn. 8:15, ‘flesh and blood’, 1 Co. 15:50, Ga. 1:16, Ep. 6:12, Heb. 2:14, cf. Mt. 16:17, and ‘fleshly’, Rm. 15:27, 1 Co. 3:1,3, 9:11, 2 Co. 1:12, 10:4. 2. Since the sending of the Spirit is what gives this eschatological age its character, Paul can use the word ‘flesh’ to signify the old dispensation as opposed to the new, Rm. 9:8, Ga. 3:3, 6:12f, Ph. 3:3f, Ep. 2:11, cf. Heb. 9:10,13, Jn. 3:6, 6:63; so also the phrase ‘according to the flesh’, 1 Co. 10:18, 2 Co. 11:18, Ga. 4;23,29; cf. Rm. 1:3f, 2 co. 5:16, and ‘fleshly’, Heb. 7:16, but cf. 1 Co. 10:3f. 3. For Paul the ‘flesh’ is especially the sphere in which the passions and sin operate, Rm. 7:5,14,18,25, 13:14, 2 Co. 7:1, Ga. 5:13,19, Ep. 2:3, Col. 2:13,18,23; cf. 1 P. 2;11 2 P. 2;10,18, 1 Jn. 2:16, Jude 8,23, condemned to corruption, 1 Co. 15;50, Ga. 6;8, cf. Jm. 5;3, Ac 2;26,31, and to death, Rm. 8:6,13; 1 Co. 5:5, 2 Co. 4:11, cf. 1 P. 4:6, so much so that ‘flesh’ becomes personified as a Power of evil hostile to God, Rm. 8:7f, and to the Spirit, Rm. 8:4-9,12f, Ga. 5:16f. Christ has defeated this Power by assuming ‘sinful flesh’, Rm. 8:3, cf. 1 Tm. 3:16, Jn. 1:14, 1 Jn. 4:2, 2 Jn. 7, and putting it to death on the cross, Rm. 8:3, Ep. 2:14-16, Col. 1:22, cf. Heb. 5:7f, 10:20, 1 P. 3:18, 4:1. Being united with him, Jn. 6:5f, the Christians are no longer ‘in the flesh’, Rm. 7:5, 8:9, since they have crucified the flesh, Ga. 5:24, cf. I P. 4:1, and cast it off by baptism, Col. 2:11; more precisely, they are still ‘in the flesh’ as long as they remain in this world, Ph. 1:22-24, cf. 1 P. 4:2, but are not slaves to the flesh any more, 2 Co. 10:3; they are its masters through their union with Christ by faith, Ga. 2:20, and suffering, Col. 1:24.”

Verse 27 says: No, it was to shame the wise that God chose what is foolish by human reckoning,  and to shame what is strong that he chose what is weak by human reckoning;

Parallel texts are:
1.       Jg 7:2 - The Yahweh said to Gideon, ‘There are too many people with you for me to put Midian into their power; Israel might claim credit for themselves at my expense: they might say, “My own hand has rescued me”.
2.       1 S 16:7…but Yahweh said to Samuel, ‘Take no notice of his appearance or his height for I have rejected him; God does not seeb as man sees; man looks at appearances but Yahweh looks at the heart’. Footnote b  says “‘God sees’ Greek.”
3.       2 Co 4:7 - We are only the earthenware jarsb that hold this treasure, to make it clear that such an overwhelming power comes from God and not from us. Footnote b  says “Free interpretation, in the rabbinic style, of Ex 34:33-35.”
4.       Jm 2:5 - Listen, my dear brothers: it was those who are poor according to the world that God chose, to be rich in faithc and to be the heirs to the kingdom which he promised to those who loved him. Footnote c  says “I.e. poor in money, rich in faith, cf 1:9+; this letter is not concerned to advocate social reform since it emphasizes that the poor already have the truest wealth.”

Why are the ‘Beatitudes” a way to survival?
According to Robert W. Felix, in his book “Not By Fire but by Ice” (1997: Sugar House Publishing, Bellevue, Washington DC, USA.), the secret to escape extinction is contained in one of the injunctions of the Beatitudes “Blessed are the meek”. Having an attitude of meekness will make a person to be calm and not panic during a calamity. A meek person is therefore likely to survive a disaster because he will avoid the urge to get out of a dangerous situation and to step on others but stay put until help comes or until danger is over. Panic and commotion is a sure way to die during danger.
The way to survival is likewise stated in Amos 5:4 that says: “For Yahweh says this to the House of Israel. Seek me and you shall live” (Am 5:4).   Seeking Yahweh is a sure way to survive because Yahweh is “to be.” Yahweh is the force to beingness and the power to realize one’s self because it is the creative power.

The Beatitudes are also a way to defeat. Being defeated is what 1 Co 1:26-31, the Second Reading for this Sunday, is what is telling us and concerned about.

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