Tuesday, October 14, 2014

DESERTING THE LORD - 21st Sunday in Ordinary Time (Cycle B)

Homily for 21stSunday in Ordinary Time (Cycle B)
Based on Jn 6:60-69 (Gospel), Jos 24:1-2, 15-18 (First Reading) and Ep 5:21-32 (Second Reading)
From the Series: “Reflections and Teachings of the Desert”

DESERTING THE LORD
 ‘What about you, do you want to go away too?’ (Jn 6:67)

Today’s gospel reading is taken fromJn 6:60-69 . Verse 60 says: After hearing it, many of his followers said, ‘This is intolerable language. How could anyone accept it?

Parallel texts are:
a.        Jn 3:11 - I tell you most solemnly, we speak only about what we know and witness only to what we have seen and yet you people reject our evidence. eFootnote e – Jesus does not speak on his own initiative, 7:17-18; he declares what he has seen ‘with the Father’, 1:18, 3:11, 8:38, cf. 8:24+; it is the Father’s words and teaching that he hands on to man, 3:34, 8:28, 12:49,50, 14:24, 17:8,14; he is himself the Word, 1:1,14. This Word is not idle: it calls all things from nothing, 1:1+, it calls the dead from the tomb, 11:43,44, 5:28-29; it gives life to the soul, 5:24, 6:63, 8:51; it confers the Spirit, the source of immortality, 1:33+; 20:22, and so makes men children of God, 10:35, 1:12. It is required only than man should have faith in the Word, 1:12, ;dwell’ in it, cf. 8:31, ‘keep’ it, 8:51,55, 12:47, 14:23, 15:20, 17:6, obey its command which is love, 13:34. Nevertheless, the Word is enigmatic, 2:20+, and difficult, cf. 6:60, 7:36; it makes its way only into humble hearts. Those who hear it, therefore, respond differently, 7:43, 10:19; some believe, 4:41, 7:40f,46, 8:30, others go away disappointed, 6:66, in spite of the ‘signs’, 2:11+; this same rejected Word will judge them at the last day, 12:48.
b.      Jn1:48  -‘How do you know me?’ said Nathanael.
c.       Mt 11:6  -‘…and happy is the man who does not lose faith in me’.

Verse 61 says: Jesus was aware that his followers were complaining about it and said, ‘Does this upset you?
a.       Jn 12:32 - And when I am lifted up from the earth,j I shall draw all men k to myself.’lFootnotej says “Om. ‘from the earth’. Allusion to the ‘lifting of’ Christ on the cross (v. 33) and to his ‘lifting up’ to heaven, 3:13,14; 8:28; cf. 6:62, on the day of his resurrection, 20:17+; the two events are two aspects of the same mystery, 13:1+. When Christ is raised to the Father’s right hand in glory, 12:23; 17:5+, he will send the Spirit, 7:39,through whom his reign will spread over the world, 16:14; cf. 3:35+; Footnote k - Var. ‘every man’ or ‘all things’”; and Footnote l says  “The crucified Jesus will be set before the eyes of the world as its savior, cf. 19:37. This is the answer to the Greeks’ request to ‘see’ Jesus, cf. 6:40+.”
b.      Mt 8:20 - Jesus replied, ‘Foxes have holes and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son ofManh has nowhere to lay his head.’ Footnote h says“With the exception of Ac 7:56, Rv 1:13; 14:14; this title appears only in the  gospels. There is no doubt that Jesus used it of himself, and indeed preferred it to others. At times he uses it to express his lowly state, 8:20; 11:19; 20:28, especially the humiliation of the Passion, 17:22, etc. At others times it is used to proclaim the definitive triumph of his resurrection, 17:9, of his return in glory, 24:30; of his coming in judgment, 25:31. That this title, Aramaic in flavor, could bring together these seemingly opposed qualities is clear from the following considerations. The phrase originally meant ‘man’, Ezk. 2:1+, and by reason of its unusual and indirect form it underlined the lowliness of man’s state. But the title suggested glory, too. It was used in Dn 7:13+, and later in the Jewish apocalyptic Book of Enoch, to indicate the transcendent figure, heavenly in origin, who was to receive from God’s hand the eschatological kingdom (the kingdom ‘at the end of times’). In this way therefore the title both veiled and hinted at (cf. Mk. 1:34+; Mt. 13:13+) the sort of Messiah Jesus was. Moreover, the explicit avowal in the presence of the Sanhedrin, 26:64+, should have removed all ambiguity.”
Verses 62 and 63 say: What if you should see the Son of Man ascend to where he was before? ‘It is the spirit that gives life, the flesh has nothing to offer. The words I have spoken to you are spirit and they are life.rFootnoter says “Christ words about the bread from heaven reveal something real and divine of which only the Spirit, cf. 1:33+, can supply understanding, cf. 10:26+, and which is the source of life for men.”

Parallel texts are:
a.       Jn 1:33 - I did not know him myself, but he who sent me to baptize with water had said to me, “The man on whom you see the Spirit come down and rest in the one who is going to baptize with the Holy Spirit”.yFootnote y says “This phrase sums up the whole purpose of the Messiah’s coming, cf. Jn 1:1+, namely, that mankind might be born again in the spirit: the O.T. had already foretold it,cf. Ac. 2:33+. The Spirit rests on him, Is. 11:12, 42:1, Jn 1:33, and so he can confer it on others baptism on the Spirit, cf. here and Ac 1:5+), but only after his resurrection, Jn 7:39,16:7,8,20:22; Ac.2. For Jesus came in the flesh, 1 Jn. 4:2, 2 Jn 7, flesh that was corruptible, Jn 1:14+, and it is only when he is ‘lifted up; and has gone to the Father that his body, glorified now, is fully endowed with divine, life-giving power. Thenceforward the Spirit flows to the world from his body as from an inexhaustible spring, Jn 7:37-39, 19:34, cf. Rm. 5:5+. For the water symbolism, cf. Jn 4:1+.”
b.      Jn 3:6 - What s born of flesh is flesh; what is born of spirit is spirit.
c.       Jn 3:11 - I tell you most solemnly, we speak only about what we know and witness only to what we have seen and yet you people reject our evidence.e Footnote e – Jesus does not speak on his own initiative, 7:17-18; he declares what he has seen ‘with the Father’, 1:18, 3:11, 8:38, cf. 8:24+; it is the Father’s words and teaching that he hands on to man, 3:34, 8:28, 12:49,50, 14:24, 17:8,14; he is himself the Word, 1:1,14. This Word is not idle: it calls all things from nothing, 1:1+, it calls the dead from the tomb, 11:43,44, 5:28-29; it gives life to the soul, 5:24, 6:63, 8:51; it confers the Spirit, the source of immortality, 1:33+; 20:22, and so makes men children of God, 10:35, 1:12. It is required only than man should have faith in the Word, 1:12, ;dwell’ in it, cf. 8:31, ‘keep’ it, 8:51,55, 12:47, 14:23, 15:20, 17:6, obey its command which is love, 13:34. Nevertheless, the Word is enigmatic, 2:20+, and difficult, cf. 6:60, 7:36; it makes its way only into humble hearts. Those who hear it, therefore, respond differently, 7:43, 10:19; some believe, 4:41, 7:40f,46, 8:30, others go away disappointed, 6:66, in spite of the ‘signs’, 2:11+; this same rejected Word will judge them at the last day, 12:48.
Verse 64, 65, and 66 say: But there are some of you who don’t believe.’ For Jesus knew from the outset those who did not believe, and who it was that would betray him. He went on, ‘This is why I told you that no one could come to me unless the Father allows him’. After this many of his disciples left him and stopped going with him.
Parallel text is Lk 22:28 that says: You are the men who stood by me faithfully in my trials.
Verse 67 says: Then Jesus said to the Twelve, ‘What about you, do you want to go away too?
Parallel text is Mk 16:16 that says: He who believes and is baptized will be saved; he who does not believe will be condemned. These are the signs that will be associated with believers: in my name they will cast out devils, they will have the gift of tongues;d they will pick up snakes in their hands, and be unharmed should they drink deadly poison, they will lay their hands on the sick, who will recover’. Footnote d  says that “Var. ‘new tongues’.”
Verse 68 and 69 say: Simon Peter answered, ‘Lord, who shall we go to? You have the message of eternal life, and we believe; we know that you are the Holy One of God.’s Footnote s says “i.e. the Messiah, God’s chosen envoy, consecrated and united in him uniquely, cf. 10:36; 17:19. Var. ‘you are the Christ, the Son of God’ or ‘the Son of the living God’, cf. Mt 16:16.”
Parallel texts for verse 68 say:
a.       Jn 1:21- ‘Well then,’ they asked ‘are you Elijah?’t ‘I am not’ he said. ‘Are you the prophet?’u (v. 21). Nathanael answered, ‘Rabbi, you are the Son of God,ff you are the King of Israel’ (v. 49).Footnote t says: “On the expected return of Elijah, see Ml. 3:23-24 and Mt. 17:10-13”; Footnote u says “From Dt. 18;15,18(see note) the Jews argued that the expected Messiah would be another Moses (the prophet par excellence, cf. Nb. 12:7+) who would repeat on a grand scale the prodigies of the Exodus. Cf. Jn. 3:14; 6:14, 30-31, 68; 7:40,52; 13:1+; Ac. 3:22-23; 7:20-44; Heb. 3:1-11. See also Mt.  16:14+.
b.      Dt 8:3 - He humbled you, he made you feel hungry, he fed you with manna which neither you nor your fathers had known, to make you understand that man does not live on bread alone but that man lives on everything that comes from the mouth of Yahweh.aFootnoteasays“Yahweh makes all things by his word and so gives life to Israel by means of the commandments (miswah) that issue (mosa) from his mouth. On this text, cited in Mt 4:40, see Am 8:11; Ne 9:29; Pr 9:1-5; Ws 16:26; Si 24:19-21; Jn 6:30-36,68+.”
c.       Ac 3:14 - It was you who accusedf the Holy One,g the Just One, you who demanded the reprieve of a murderer …
d.      Jn 7:38…who believes in me!’ As scriptures says: From his breastq shall flow fountains of living water.rFootnoter says “The liturgy of the feast of Tabernacle, which formed the background of this words, included prayers for rain, rites which commemorated the Mosaic water-miracle, Ex. 17:1-7; cf. 1 Co. 10:4; and readings from biblical passages foretelling life-giving waters from Zion, Zac. 14:8; Ezk. 47:1f; Cf. Jn 4:1+.”

The First Reading for this Sunday isJos 24:1-2, 15-18.  Verse 1 and 2 say: Joshua gathered all the tribes of Israel together at Shechem;bthen he called the elders, leaders, judges and scribes of Israel, and they presented themselves before God. Then Joshua said to all the people: ‘Yahweh the God of Israel says this, ‘in ancient days your ancestors lived beyond the River-such was Terah the father of Abraham and of Nahor- and they served other gods. Footnote b  says “Shechem with its central position was suitable for tribal gatherings, cf. also 1 K 12; and its history makes it the ideal place for making this religious pact: Abraham had built an altar there, Gn 12:6-7. Jacob had bought land there, Gn 33:18-20, and there had buried the idols brought from Mesopotamia, Gn 35:2-4.

Parallel texts are:
a.       Gn 11:27-32 - The descendants of Terahe These are Terah’s descendants: Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran. Haran became the father of Lot (v. 27). Haran died in the presence of his father Terah in his native land, Ur of the Chaldeans (v. 28). Abraham and Nahor both married: Abram’s wife was called Sarai. Nahor’s wife was called Milcah, the daughter of Haran, father of Milcah and Iscah (v. 29). Sarai was barren, having no child. (v. 30). Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot the son of Haran and his daughter-in-law the wife of Abram, and made them leavefUrof the Chaldeans to go to the land of Canaan. But on arrival in Haran they settled there.g (v. 31). Terah’s life lasted two hundred and five years;h there he died at Haran (v. 32).Footnote e - The story of the chosen race is about to begin and the genealogical table becomes more detailed with a view to introducing its two parents, Abram and Sarai, whose names were later changed to Abraham and Sarah, 17:5,15; it also introduced Nahor, Rebekah’s grandfather, 24:24, and Lot, ancestor of the Moabites and Ammonites, 19:30-38; Footnote f says ‘made them leave’ ancient versions: ‘went with tme’ Hebr.; Footnote  g says “First stage of the journey to the Promised Land. Ur is in Lower Mesopotamia. Haran lies in the north-west of Mesopotamia; Footnote h says “Only 145 according to the Samaritan Pentateuch: this would mean that Abraham left Haran only when his father died (cf. 11:26 and 12:4); cf. Ac 7:4.
b.      Ps 45:10 - Listen, daughter, pay careful attention: forget your nation and your ancestral home.gFootnoteg says “In the messianic interpretation: Israel, like the ancestral figure Abraham must sever all links with the surrounding pagan world, thus leaving the ‘ancestral home’ in order to receive ‘sons’, v. 16.”

Verses 15, 16, 17 and 18 say:  But if you will not serve Yahweh, choose today whom you wish to serve, whether the gods that your ancestors served beyond the River; or the gods of the Amorites in whose land you are now living. As for me and my House, we will serve Yahweh.’ The people answered, ‘We have no intention of deserting Yahweh and serving other gods!’Was it not Yahweh our God who brought us and our ancestors out of the land of Egypt, the house of slavery, who worked those great wonders before our eyes and preserved us all along the way we travelled and among all the peoples though whom we journeyed? What is more, Yahweh drove all those people out before us, as well as the Amorites who used to live in this country. We too will serve Yahweh, for he is our God.

Parallel texts of verse 16 are:
a.       Ex 19:8 - Then all the people answered as one, ‘All that Yahweh has said, we will do.’ And Moses took the people’s reply back to Yahweh.
b.      Ex 24:3 - Moses went and told the people all the commands of Yahweh and all the ordinances.b In answer, all the people said with one voice, ‘We will observe all the commands that Yahweh has decreed’.Footnote b says“The commands (or words, debarim) which alone are referred to in what follows, may indicate the Decalogue. The ordinances (mishpatim) are possibly those of  21:1-22:17.”

The Second Reading for this Sunday isEp 5:21-32. Verse 21 and 22 say: Give way to one another in obedience to Christ. Wives should regard their husbands as they regard the Lord.

Parallel texts are:
a.       Ps 87:5 - But all call Zion “Mother”,c since all were born in her.dFootnotec says ‘Mother’ Greek; absent from Hebr.”; Footnote d says “The pagans, wherever born, are adopted by Zion, which becomes their true country.”
b.      Col 3:18 - Wives, give way to your husbands, as you should in the Lord.
c.       1 P 3:1-7 - In the same way, wives should be obedient to their husbands. Then, if there are some husbands who have not yet obeyed the word, they may find themselves won over, without a word spoken, by the way their wives behave (1), when they see how faithful and conscientious they are (2). Do not dress up for show; doing up your hair, wearing gold bracelets and fine clothes (v. 3); all these should be inside, in a person’s heart, a imperishable: the ornament of a sweet and gentle disposition - this is what is precious in the sight of God (v. 4). That is how the holy women of the past dressed themselves attractively - they hoped in God and were tender and obedient to their husbands (v. 5); like Sarah, who was obedient to Abraham, and called him her lord. You are now her children, as long as you live good lives and do not give way to fear or worry (v. 6). In the same way, husbands must always treat their wives with consideration in their life together, respecting a woman as one who, though she may be the weaker partner, is equally anheirb to the life of grace. This will stop anything from coming in the way of your prayers (v. 7). Footnote a says “Lit. ‘should be the hidden man (self) of the heart’.; Footnote b says ‘(she)’ is equally an heir’, var. ‘you are equally heirs’, ‘the life of grace’, lit ‘the grace of life’; var. ‘her own form of the grace of life’, cf. 4:10.”

Verse 23 says: sincee as Christ is head of the Church and saves the whole body, so is a husband the head of his wife. Footnote e says “By drawing a parallel between human marriage and the marriage of Christ to the Church, vv. 23-32, Paul makes these two concept illumine each other. Christ is the husband of the Church because he is her head and because he loves the Church as much as a man loves his own body when he loves his wife. Having established this, the comparison naturally suggests an ideal for human marriage. The symbol of Israel as the wife of Yahweh is common in the OT, Ho 1:2+.”

Parallel text is 1 Co 3:11 that says: For the foundation, nobody can lay any other than the one which has already been laid, that is Jesus Christ.

Verse 24 says: And as the Church submits to Christ, so should wives to their husbands, in everything.

Parallel text is Ep 1:22-23 that says: He has put all things under his feet, and made him, as the ruler of everything, the head of the Church (v. 22), which is his body, the fullness of him who fills the whole creationu (v. 23) Footnote usays“Lit. ‘fills all in all’. The Church, as the body of Christ, 1 Co. 12:12f, can be called the fullness (pleroma); cf. Infra 3:19, 4:13) in so far as it includes the whole new creation that shares (since it forms the setting of the human race) in the cosmic rebirth under Christ its ruler and head, cf. Col. 1:15-20f. The adverbial phrase ‘all in all’ is used to suggest something of limitless size, cf. 1 Co. 6, 15:28, Col. 3:11.”
Verse 25 says:  Husbands should love their wives just as Christ loved the Church and sacrificed  himself for her…
Parallel texts are:
a.       Ep 5:2 - …and follow Christ by loving as he loved you, giving himself up in our place as a fragrant offering and a sacrifice to God.
b.      Col 3:19 - Husbands, love your wives and treat them with gentleness.
c.       1 P 3:7 - In the same way, husbands must always treat their wives with consideration in their life together, respecting a woman as one who, though she may be the weaker partner, is equally anheirb to the life of grace. This will stop anything from coming in the way of your prayers.
Verse 26 says: to make her holy. He made her clean by washing her in water with a form of words.
Parallel texts are:
a.      Rm 6:4 - In other words, a when we were baptized we went into the tomb with him and joined him in death, b so that as Christ was raised from the dead by the Father’s glory, we too might live a new life. Footnote a says “Lit. ‘therefore’; var. ‘for’: Footnote b –says “Baptismis not separated from faith but goes with it, Ga. 3:6f, Ep. 4:5, Heb. 10:22, cf. Ac. 12f,37, 16:31-33, 18:8, 19:2-5, and gives it outward expression by the operative symbolism of the baptismal ceremonial. For this reason, Paul ascribes to faith and to baptism the same effects (cf. Ga. 2:16-20 and Rm. 6:3-9). The sinner is immersed in water (the etymological meaning of ‘baptize’ is ‘dip’) and thus ‘buried’ with Christ, Col. 2:12, with whom also he emerges to ‘resurrection’, Rm. 8:11+, as a ‘new creature’, 2 Co. 5:17+, a ‘new man’, Ep. 2:15+, a member of the one Body animated by the one Spirit, 1 Co. 12:13, Ep. 4:4f. This resurrection will not be complete or final until the end of time, 1 Co. 15:12+ (but cf. Ep. 2:6), but is already taking place in the form of a new life lived ‘in the Spirit’, vv. 8:11,13, 8:2f, Ga. 5:16-24. The death-resurrection symbolism of baptism is particularly Pauline, but this initial rite of Christian life, Heb. 6:22, is also spoken of in the NT, as a cleansing bath, Ep.5:26, Heb. 10:22, cf. 1 Co. 6:11, Tt. 3:5, a new birth, Jn. 3:5, Tt. 3:5, cf. 1 P. 1:3, cf. Ep. 5:14. On the baptism of water and the baptism of the Spirit, cf. Ac. 1:5+;  these two aspects of the consecration of the Christian are apparently the ‘anointing’ and the seal’ of 2 Co. 1:21f. According to 1 P. 3:21, the ark of Noah is an antetype of baptism.
b.      Tt 3:5-7 - It was not because he was concerned with any righteous actions we might have done ourselves; it was for no reason except his own compassion that he saved us, by means of the cleansing water of rebirth and by renewing us with the Holy Spirit which he so generously poured over us through Jesus Christ our savior. He did this  so that we should be justified by his grace, to become heirs looking forward to inheriting eternal life.aFootnote a says “The effect of baptism are: rebirth, free forgiveness by Christ, reception of his Holy Spirit, cf. Rm. 5:5+, and the immediate enjoyment of all rights as heir to eternal life (the presence of the Holy Spirit being a pledge of this, cf. 2 Co. 1:22).”
Verse 27, 28 and 29 say: So that when he took her to himself she would be glorious, with no speck or wrinkle or anything like that, but holy and faultless.f In the same way, husbands must love their wives as they love their own bodies; for a  man to love his wife is for him to love himself.A man never hates his own body, but he feeds it and looks after it; and that is the way Christ treats the Church.Footnotefsays “It was customary in the middle east at the time this letter was written, for the ‘sons of the wedding’ to escort the bride to her husband after she had been bathed and dressed. As applied mystically to the Church, Christ washes his bride himself in the bath of baptism, and makes her immaculate (note the mention of a baptismal formula) and introduces her to himself.”
Parallel texts of verse 27 are:
a.       2 Co 11:2 - You see, the jealousy that I feel for you is God’s own jealousy: I arranged for you to marry Christ so that I might give you away as a chaste virgin to this one husband.
b.      Col 1:22 - …but now he has reconciled you, by his death and in that mortal body.k Now you are able to appear before him holy, pure and blameless-Footnotek says ‘he’, i.e. the Father. The human, natural body is that of his Son (lit. ‘flesh body’); this provides the locus where the reconciliation takes place. Into the body the entire human race is effectively gathered, cf. Ep 2:14-16, because Christ has assumed its sin, 2 Co 5:21. The ‘flesh’ body is the body as affected by sin, 2 Co 5:21; cf. Rm 8:3; 7:5+; Heb 4:15.”
c.       Rv 19:7-8 - …let us be glad and joyful and give praise to God, because this is the time for the marriage of the Lamb.a His bride is ready, and she has been able to dress herself in dazzling white linen,b because her linen is made of the good deeds of the saints.Footnoteasays“The wedding of the Lamb symbolizes the beginning of the heavenly kingdom described in 21:9f. See Ho 1:2+ and Ep 5:22-23+”; Footnote b says “Symbol of victorious purity, a gift from God.”
d.      Rv 21:2,9-11 - I saw the holy city, and the new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of the heaven, as beautiful as a bride all dressed for her husbandd (v. 2). One of the seven angels that had the seven bowls full of the seven last plagues came to speak to me, and said, ‘Come here and I will show you the bride that the Lamb had married’ (v. 9). In the spirit, he took me to the top of an enormous high mountain and showed me Jerusalem, the holy city, coming down from God out of heavenj(v. 10). It had all the radiant glory from God and glittered like some precious jewel of crystal-clear diamond (v. 11).Footnote d says “The new and joyful wedding of Jerusalem and her God has taken place, cf. Is 65:18; 61:10; 62:4-6; the Exodus ideal has at last been achieved, cf. Ho 2:16+”; Footnote j says“i.e. the renewal in these present, messianic times; the transformation of humanity by an act of God.”
Verses 28, 29 and 30 say: In the same way, husbands must love their wives as they love their own bodies; for a  man to love his wife is for him to love himself.A man never hates his own body, but he feeds it and looks after it; and that is the way Christ treats the Church. Because it is his body – and we are its living parts.g Footnote g–says “Add. (Vulg.) ‘made from his flesh and blood’.
Parallel text is 1 Co 12:12 that says: Just as a human body, it is made up of many parts, is a single unit because all these parts, though many, make one body, so it is with Christ.kFootnoteksays“The way a human body gives unity to all its component parts is the way Christ, as a unifying principle of the Church, gives unity to all Christians in his Body.”
Verse 31 says For this reason, a man must leave his father and mother – and be joined to his wife, and the two will become one body.
Parallel texts are:
a.       Gn 2:24 - This is why a man leaves father and mother and joins himself to his wife, and they become one body.
b.      Mt 19:5 - …and that he said: this is why a man must leave father and mother, and cling to his wife, and the two become one body?
Verse 32 says: This mystery has many implications; but I am saying it applies to Christ and the Church.h
Footnote hsays“Paul makes this Gn text a prophecy of the marriage of Christ and the Church: a mystery, like that of the salvation of the pagans, that has been hidden but is now revealed, cf. 1:9f; 3:3f.”
Parallel text is Rm 16:25 that says: DoxologyjGlory to him who is able to give you the strengthk to live according to the Good News I preach, and in which I proclaim Jesus Christ, the revelation of a mysteryl kept secret for endless ages…Footnote jsays“Most authorities place this doxology here, but in some it appears at the end of ch. 15 or 14; others omit. A solemn presentation, cf. Ef 3:20; Jude 24-25, of the main points of the letter; Footnote ksays ”Firmly grounded in doctrine and strong in Christian practice. Cf. 1:11; 1 Th 3:2,13; 2 Th 2:17; 3:3; 1 Co 1:8; 2 Co 1:21; Col 2:7”; Footnote lstates: “The idea of a ‘mystery’ of wisdom, v. 27; 1 Co 2:7; Ep 3:10; Col 2:2-3, long hidden in God and now revealed, v. 25; 1 Co 2:7,10; Ep 3:5,9f; Col 1:26, is borrowed by Paul from Jewish apocalypse, Dn 2:18-19+, but he enriches the content of the term by applying it to the climax of the history of salvation: the saving cross of Christ, 1 Co 2:8; the call of the pagans, v. 26; Rm 11:25; Col 1:26-27; Ep 3:6, to this salvation preached by Paul, v. 25; Col 1:23; 4:3; Ep 3:3-12; 6:19, and finally the restoration of all things in Christ as their one head, Ep 1:9-10. See also 1 Co 4:1; 13:2; 14:2; 15:51; Ep 5:32; 2 Th 2:7; 1 Tm 3:9,16; 2 Tm 1:9-10; Mt 13:11p+; Rv 1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7.”
An online article “Lord, to whom shall we go? (John 6:60-69),” from: anicecupofjesus.wordpress.com, posted in Lessons from the Bible by guidemesafelyhome:
“Life is hard. Things in life are hard. Many of those times when things are too hard we simply get up, pack our things and walk away. Desertion is a common response to take as soon as things get too hairy, too prickly, too awkward or just too much effort.
“So many of Jesus’ disciples did just that on the day described in John 6. Jesus’ teachings were hard and hit home in a way that many of his followers simply could not digest. This man who claimed to be the bread of life? This man who claimed to be God; the one who was promised? Nope, too hard, we know this man! Making that leap of faith was just too much effort for those who turned back that day.
Alas, there were some who did not turn away! The Twelve, when asked if they would like to leave too, said what to me are some of the most profound words in the Bible: “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. We have come to believe and to know that you are the Holy One of God.”

Another online article by Terry Trivette, “That’s a Good Question - The Difference in a Disciple and a Deserter” from sermons.pastorlife.com:

“Toward the close of John chapter 6, there is a sad and arresting verse. Verse 66 says, “From that time many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him.” “Obviously hurt by this defection, in verse 67, Jesus turned to the twelve original disciples and said, “Will ye also go away?” “That’s a good question for all of us. Will you go away as well? Will you finish your life as a disciple of Jesus Christ, or a deserter of the faith you once claimed? “Look at our text, and notice again verse 66. There it says, “From that time many of his disciples went back…” In order to understand what led to this mass retreat, I think we need to identify who these “many…disciples” were, and what it was that initially drew them to follow Jesus.

“Very often those abandon the faith in the end do so because they approached the faith in the beginning for all of the wrong reasons. “There are those who come to Jesus as an experiment. They are interested in Him to some degree, and they choose to pursue Him on a sort of “trial basis”, curious of what He might do for them. “The “many” in verse 66 can be traced back to the earlier parts of John 6. For instance, look back with me at verse 2. There we read, “And a great multitude followed him, because they saw his miracles which he did on them that were diseased.”

“No doubt, some of those who deserted the Lord in verse 66 were first drawn to Him out of a curiosity about His power.These are the sign seekers.

“As we move through chapter 6, we find the story of Jesus feeding the multitude…After this miracle, Jesus escaped from the crowds, only to be pursued by them again. Look with me in verse 26. There Jesus says to the crowd, “Ye seek me, not because ye saw the miracles, but because ye did eat of the loaves, and were filled.”Here is another group following Jesus. This group was looking not so much for miracles, as for meals. They sought Jesus not so much for wonders, but for a sort of religious welfare in which Jesus filled their stomach, and eased their hungers.

“This group represents those who follow Jesus for purely selfish reasons. They try Him out to see what He can offer them. As long as their bellies are full, and they feel good, they will hang around.

“However, it is likely that when Jesus begins to call them to a life sacrifice and selflessness, they will turn their backs and walk away. Those who walked away in verse 66, did so because Jesus had become difficult and demanding in their lives, and they no longer enjoyed His company.What about you? Do you enjoy Jesus? Notice a couple of things that are involved in enjoying Jesus. First of all, to enjoy Jesus is to enjoy:Look back at the text, and notice verse 60. There we read the people’s reaction to the sermon Jesus had preached. It says, “Many therefore of his disciples, when they had heard this, said, This is an hard saying; who can hear it?”

For some the harsh truth that Jesus proclaims is too much. They grumble and complain about His word, enduring, rather than enjoying what He says.In verse 67, Jesus looks sorrowfully at the backs of those who were walking away, and He turns to His disciples and asks, “Will ye also go away?”
To this Peter responds for the group,“Lord, to whom shall we go? thou hast the words of eternal life. And we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ, the Son of the living God.”For Peter, and the other disciples that remained, walking away from Jesus was simply not an option. He was essential to their lives. Jesus asked, “Are you going to leave too?” Peter answered Him, “Who else are we going to follow? You have the words of eternal life.”

“The difference in a disciple and a deserter is that the disciple believes that there is no truth apart from Christ! His Word is the final word for their lives. Those that walked away had been interested in Jesus to some degree. However, they walked away from Him because they felt like they could do without Him.
How do you prevent desertion from happening in your life? The answer is simple, follow Jesus, not because of any peripheral or temporal thing, but simply because He is the only hope for your life and your soul.”

Pastor Charlie Vannieuwenhoven says at www.northdalelutheran.org (accessed 2 May 2014):
“In our text, we see both of these reactions.  Let’s set the scene:  Jesus had just finished the Bread of Life discourse...  It started with the feeding of the 5,000 when the people there wanted to make Jesus their Bread King—an earthly king who could provide all that they needed.  Jesus used this opportunity to focus their attention on the true king that he was, the one who provides what is necessary for eternal life.  This teaching caused offense to many who were there.  Jesus said, “I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.  Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. (vs. 53-54)”  What caused offense was that Jesus was connecting eternal life to himself.  Jesus was emphasizing that all who want eternal life must enter into a personal relationship of faith with Him as the Son of God.  They recognized that Jesus was calling himself God and that eternal life came from him.  But this they could not accept. 

“And Jesus understood this about them which is why he pressed them a little further, “Does this offend you?”  What offended them was that they had come with different presuppositions.  It was not the Father’s persuasion that brought them to see Jesus.  It was materialist motives that veiled their eyes.  They couldn’t comprehend what Jesus was really saying to them because his message was meant for their souls.  They were of the opinion their souls were fine, it was their bodies that needed the help.  Jesus pressed them even further, “Would you believe if you saw me ascend into heaven?”  And the answer is no.  They were offended by Jesus’ teaching because the cause of that offense was rooted in unbelief.  They would not see Jesus as their Savior, the spiritual king that he came to be. They refused to see it and eventually they walked away, saddened and disheartened that they hadn’t found the king they were looking for.
“God’s Word is offensive to some still in our world today.  The common thought is that if you want good conversations you avoid politics and religion. Both are charged topics.  But religion especially, as we talk about God’s Word, causes offense to people—even to us.  By nature, we are offended at God’s Word. We are told in scripture that our sinful minds are hostile to God. We want to be our own gods or kings.  We want things our way.  We want to make sure we take care of our needs and what best benefits us. If God and his word can help—great.  But if not, then we want to look somewhere else. When God’s word confronts our sin and tells us that we are wrong, we are offended.  “Who are you to tell me what’s best for me?”  This is the attitude of our world.  We want things to be on our terms they way that we want them to be.  And when we can’t have it our way, we are offended.  Not only do we have a hard time when our sinful nature is offended by God’s word, we have a hard time when others are offended by it.  The temptation today is not only for us to walk away from God’s Word, but to water down God’s word so that others might not be offended by what God says. 
“We hear Peter speak on behalf of the disciples and confess beautifully the truth of Jesus, “Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. 69 We believe and know that you are the Holy One of God.”  There Peter sums the entire issue up.  He brings us back to what Jesus is all about and what is most important.  Eternal life.  Eternal life is found in only one place.  Jesus.  Really, what other choice is there?  Where else could you go?  If you are looking for eternal life—no where.  As the Holy One of God, Jesus perfectly fulfilled the laws of God.  With his perfect sacrifice on Calvary Jesus bring life and forgiveness to all. 

“These are the words that bring such joy and gladness to us.  These are the words that remind us what following Jesus is all about.  It is all about eternal life, found in Jesus alone. And so to you I put forward this question, “To whom will you go?”

No comments: